Bonded fluxes are manufactured by binding an assortment of powder together and then baking at a low temperature. The major advantage is that additional alloying ingredients can be added to the mixture.

Backing in the form of a ring, generally used in the welding of pipe.

A longitudinal sequence in which the weld bead increments are deposited in the direction opposite to the progress of welding the joint.

The metal or alloy that is welded, brazed, soldered, or cut.

The metal (material) to be welded, brazed, soldered, or cut. See also substrate.