Elements, such as manganese, silicon, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium, used in welding electrodes and wires to prevent oxygen from forming harmful oxides and porosity in weld metal.

Filler metal that has been added during welding, brazing or soldering.

The relationship of the electrode used to the amount of the weld metal deposited, expressed in percent, i.e.; DE = Weight of Weld Metal ö Weight of Electrode Used

The weight of material deposited in a unit of time. It is usually expressed as pounds/hour (lb/h) or kilograms per hour (kg/h).

The perpendicular distance from the base metal surface to the root edge or the beginning of the root face.