A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or accumulated effect (for example, total crack length) renders a part or product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or specifications.

The ratio of the weight of a substance per unit volume; e.g. mass of a solid, liquid, or gas per unit volume at a specific temperature.

Elements, such as manganese, silicon, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium, used in welding electrodes and wires to prevent oxygen from forming harmful oxides and porosity in weld metal.

Filler metal that has been added during welding, brazing or soldering.

The relationship of the electrode used to the amount of the weld metal deposited, expressed in percent, i.e.; DE = Weight of Weld Metal ö Weight of Electrode Used