A material which has a tight electron bond, that is, relatively few electrons which will move when voltage (electrical pressure) is applied. Wood, glass, ceramics and most plastics are good insulators.

Steel which has a sulfur content ranging from 0.12-0.33% and which then exhibits free cutting properties. Made for screw machine products

The welding position in which the weld face lies in an approximately vertical plane and the weld axis at the point of welding is approximately horizontal.

Also known as ?auto crack,? resulting from stress concentration in relatively thin weld metal that is last to freeze. Both root cracks and crater cracks are forms of hot cracking.

In pipe welding, the second pass which goes over the root pass.