The heating of parent metal prior to welding or cutting for the purpose of minimizing thermal shock and of slowing the cooling rate.

A thermal spraying process in which a non-transferred arc is used to create an arc plasma for melting and propelling the surfacing material to the substrate.

Ability of a metallic state to undergo permanent deformation without rupture.

A circular weld made through a hole in one member of a lap or T joint.

It is installed behind the removable seat in a plasma torch head to enable the safety interlock.