The distance the weld metal extends into the joint root.

A nonstandard term for groove radius.

Weld reinforcement opposite the side from which welding was done.

Internal stresses that exist in a metal at room temperature as the result of (1) previous non-uniform heating and expansion, or (2) a composite structure composed of a ductile constituent and a brittle one.

The arrangement of direct current arc welding leads with the work as the negative pole and the electrode as the positive pole of the welding arc.