glossary

An electrical device used to raise or lower the voltage and inversely change the amperage.

The temperature at which the crystal structure of steel changes, usually in the range of 1500-1600øF.

A crack with its major axis oriented approximately perpendicular to the weld axis.

A weld test specimen with its major axis perpendicular to the weld axis.

The angle less than 90 degrees between the electrode axis and a line perpendicular to the weld axis, in a plane determined by the electrode axis and the weld axis. This angle can also be used to partially define the position of guns, torches, rods, and beams.