The crystalline structure before stress relief through rolling or hammer forging.

A device used to transfer current to a fixed welding electrode, position the electrode and direct the flow of shielding gas.

A device used to transfer current to a continuously fed consumable electrode, guide the electrode, and direct the shielding gas.

A part of the welding system through which current is conducted that ends at the arc.

The ratio of the weight of filler metal deposited to the weight of filler metal melted.