A rate of cooling that is fast enough to transform austenite into 100% martensite.

The slow deformation (for example, elongation) of a metal under prolonged stress. Not to be confused with deformation which results immediately upon application of a stress.

A crack in the crater of a weld bead.

In arc welding, a depression in the weld face at the termination of a weld bead.

A fracture type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio of length and width to opening displacement.