A gas, such as helium or argon, which does not chemically combine with other elements. Such a gas serves as an effective shield of the welding arc and protects the molten weld metal against contamination from the atmosphere until it freezes.

(as applies to short circuiting arc welding) A feature in welding power sources designed for short circuiting arc welding to retard the rate of current rise each time the electrode touches the weld puddle.

The phenomena of causing an electrical current to flow through a conductor when that conductor is subjected to a varying magnetic field.

A condition in a groove weld where weld metal does not extend through the joint thickness.

A weld discontinuity where fusion did not occur between weld metal and the joint or adjoining weld beads.