When making multiple-pass welds, the lowest temperature of the deposited weld metal at the time the next pass is started.

In a multi-pass weld, the temperature of the weld area between passes.

The penetration of filler metal along the grain boundaries of a base metal.

A material which has a tight electron bond, that is, relatively few electrons which will move when voltage (electrical pressure) is applied. Wood, glass, ceramics and most plastics are good insulators.

Casting of steel (weighing up to 200 tons) formed at mill from melt of ore, scrap limestone, coke, etc.