The length of unmelted electrode extending beyond the end of the contact tube in continuous welding processes.

An alloy of iron with up to 1.4% carbon, usually less.

Used with plasma torches to drag cut. It maintains a fixed distance from the torch tip to the workpiece.

The distance between the outer most portion of the torch and the work surface.

An internationally accepted reference base where standard temperature is 0 øC (32 øf) and standard pressure is one atmosphere, or 14.6960 psia.