In welding, the area between the arms of a resistance welder. In a press, the distance from the slide centerline to the frame, of a gap-frame press.

A metal used as the plasma cutting electrode emitter for a non-oxidizing plasma gas such as nitrogen.

The emission of electrons as a result of heat.

Stresses in metal resulting from non-uniform temperature distributions.

A group of processes in which finely divided metallic or non-metallic materials are deposited in a molten or semimolten condition to form a coating.