A crack with its major axis oriented approximately perpendicular to the weld axis.

The temperature at which the crystal structure of steel changes, usually in the range of 1500-1600øF.

An electrical device used to raise or lower the voltage and inversely change the amperage.

The temperature at which the crystal structure of the steel changes, usually about 1600øF.

The changes in the crystalline structure of metals caused by temperature and time.